What was the first major legislation that directly affected property ownership rights?

The correct choice is 1866 because this year marks the passage of the Civil Rights Act, which specifically addressed issues related to property ownership rights among other civil rights. The act prohibited discrimination in housing based on race, thus laying the groundwork for future legislation aimed at protecting the rights of individuals regarding property ownership, particularly for former slaves and their descendants. This landmark legislation was essential in promoting equal access to property ownership in the United States, making it a pivotal moment in the history of property rights.

The other dates mentioned do not correspond to foundational legislation regarding property ownership. For example, the year 1865 does not feature significant real estate legislation, while 1968 marks the Fair Housing Act, which further expanded protections against discrimination in housing but came after the initial crucial steps taken in 1866. The year 1974 involved amendments to the Fair Housing Act that addressed additional forms of discrimination, expanding its scope but again coming after the original establishment of property rights legislation. Thus, 1866 is significant for its foundational role in addressing property ownership rights directly.